What is Carbon Black?
Carbon black is a fine black powder that is widely used as a pigment in various cosmetic products, including eyeliners, mascaras, lipsticks, and foundations. It is produced through the incomplete combustion of carbon-based materials, such as coal tar and other hydrocarbons. This process results in a material that not only provides rich color but also enhances the texture and stability of cosmetic formulations. Despite its popularity, carbon black has raised health concerns due to its composition and the presence of harmful contaminants. Specifically, commercial carbon black can contain organic contaminants like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are recognized as potential carcinogens in humans. The inhalation of these substances may pose serious health risks.
Carbon black can be commonly used in cosmetic products such as:
– Eyeliner
– Mascara
– Nail polish
– Eye shadow
– Brow gels
– Lipstick
– Blushers
– Rouge
– Foundations
How to identify carbon black on Labels
When reviewing cosmetic ingredient labels, consumers should be vigilant for the following terms:
– Carbon black
– D & C Black No. 2
– Acetylene black
– Channel black
– Furnace black
– Lamp black
– Thermal black
Carbon Black: Understanding Its Use and Health Risks in Cosmetics
1. Cancer Risk: Carbon black is classified by California’s Proposition 65 as a carcinogen when referring to airborne, unbound particles of respirable size. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) lists carbon black as a possible human carcinogen. Experimental studies in female rats exposed to inhaled carbon black have indicated an increased incidence of lung tumors. Furthermore, exposure to carbon black has been linked to concerns about lymphatic cancer among workers, primarily due to the PAHs present in carbon black. Skin cancer risk is also a concern related to its use.
2. Organ System Toxicity: Research suggests that exposure to carbon black may increase the risk of lung disease in humans. Workers who handle carbon black, especially when it is in powder form, may be at higher risk for respiratory and eye-related issues. Preliminary studies indicate that long-term exposure to carbon black could also be associated with increased cardiovascular disease prevalence.
3. Inflammation and Fibrosis: Prolonged exposure to carbon black can result in pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis, as well as lung tumors in animal studies. Inhalation of carbon black particles can lead to serious respiratory complications over time.
4. Reproductive and Developmental Risks: There is growing concern that exposure to carbon black, particularly due to its PAH content, may also have harmful effects on reproductive processes and developmental health in offsprings.
At Risk Populations
Certain groups may be more at risk due to exposure to carbon black, including: – Teenagers: Frequent users of cosmetics, including makeup products containing carbon black, may be especially vulnerable. – Occupational workers: Those working in industries where carbon black is produced or applied, such as in nail salons or manufacturing environments.
Regulations Landscape for carbon black
Carbon black is regulated in both the United States and the European Union, with specific restrictions in place for its use in cosmetics. However, despite these regulations, consumers should remain vigilant.
How to Avoid Carbon Black in Cosmetics
1. Inspect Labels: Always read the ingredient list of cosmetics to check for carbon black or related compounds.
2. Seek Alternatives: Opt for products that are labeled as free from carbon black and its related substances, looking for natural or mineral-based alternatives.
3. Educate Yourself: Stay informed about the latest findings regarding cosmetic ingredients and their potential health risks. By understanding the implications of using carbon black in cosmetics and taking proactive measures, consumers can make informed choices that prioritize their health and safety.
References
1. International Carbon Black Association. Available at: [www.carbon-black.org](http://www.carbon-black.org/).
2. National Toxicology Program. (2010). Report on Carcinogens, Twelfth Edition: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Available at: [PubMed](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21822324/).
3. National Toxicity Program (NTP). Available at: [NIEHS NTP](https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/atniehs/dntp/index.cfm).
4. NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. Carbon Black. Available at: [CDC NPG](https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0102.html). Accessed April 26, 2022.
5. Wisconsin Department of Health Services. Carbon Black. Available at: [Wisconsin DHS](https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/chemical/carblack.htm).
6. Chemicals Known to the State to Cause Cancer or Reproductive Toxicity. Available at: [OEHHA](https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/crnr/chemicals-listed-known-state-cause-cancer-or-reproductive-toxicity).
7. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. (2010). Carbon Black Evaluation and Rationale, vol. 93, pp. 190-191.
8. Weinand F. (2009). Statement Regarding the Presence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Carbon Black. Evonik Industries.